Who is vulnerable to deceptive design patterns? A transdisciplinary perspective on the multi-dimensional nature of digital vulnerability

• A multidisciplinary mapping of the micro, meso, and macro factors of vulnerability to dark patterns. • A subsequent critical reflection on the feasibility of the risk assessment proposed in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Digital Services Act (DSA), and the Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act). • Multidisciplinary suggestions to increase resilience towards digital manipulative designs. In the last few years, there have been growing concerns about the far-reaching influence that digital architectures may exert on individuals and societies. A specific type of digital manipulation is often engineered into the interfaces of digital services through the use of so-called dark patterns, that cause manifold harms against which nobody seems to be immune.