Rethinking gharar in digital business subscriptions: A Sharia perspective on automatic renewal practices

Purpose – This study aims to evaluate the Shariah compliance of automatic renewal mechanisms in digital subscription business models. It specifically investigates whether these practices align with Islamic legal principles, focusing on the potential presence of gharar (uncertainty) and its impact on consumer protection in the insurance industry.Methodology – This study employs a qualitative normative legal approach. It analyzes contemporary digital contract practices through the lens of classical Islamic jurisprudence, particularly the concepts of Ridā (mutual consent), Bayān (transparency), and Dafʿ al-Ḍarar (prevention of harm).