The well-established deceptive design literature has focused on conventional user interfaces. With the rise of extended reality (XR), understanding deceptive design’s unique manifestations in this immersive domain is crucial. However, existing research lacks a full, cross-disciplinary analysis that analyzes how XR technologies enable new forms of deceptive design. Our study reviews the literature on deceptive design in XR environments. We use thematic synthesis to identify key themes. We found that XR’s immersive capabilities and extensive data collection enable subtle and powerful manipulation strategies. We identified eight themes outlining these strategies and discussed existing countermeasures. Our findings show the unique risks of deceptive design in XR, highlighting implications for researchers, designers, and policymakers.
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Deceived by Immersion: A Systematic Analysis of Deceptive Design in Extended Reality
It is found that XR’s immersive capabilities and extensive data collection enable subtle and powerful manipulation strategies that show the unique risks of deceptive design in XR, highlighting implications for researchers, designers, and policymakers.