Deceptive Patterns
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DarkBench: Benchmarking Dark Patterns in Large Language Models

Author
Esben Kran, Hieu Minh, Akash Kundu, Sami Jawhar, Jinsuk Park, Mateusz Jurewicz
Date
1 Jan 2025
Focus
AI & Automation
Category
Academic Scholar

DarkBench, a new benchmark, exposes dark design patterns like brand bias, user retention, sycophancy, anthropomorphism, harmful generation, and sneaking in LLMs from major companies, revealing manipulative behaviors that require ethical mitigation.

We introduce DarkBench, a comprehensive benchmark for detecting dark design patterns—manipulative techniques that influence user behavior—in interactions with large language models (LLMs). Our benchmark comprises 660 prompts across six categories: brand bias, user retention, sycophancy, anthropomorphism, harmful generation, and sneaking. We evaluate models from five leading companies (OpenAI, Anthropic, Meta, Mistral, Google) and find that some LLMs are explicitly designed to favor their developers’ products and exhibit untruthful communication, among other manipulative behaviors. Companies developing LLMs should recognize and mitigate the impact of dark design patterns to promote more ethical AI.