Deceptive Patterns
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A Comparative Study of How People With and Without ADHD Recognise and Avoid Dark Patterns on Social Media

Author
Thomas Mildner, Daniel Fidel, Evropi Stefanidi, Paweł W. Woźniak, Rainer Malaka, Jasmin Niess
Date
7 Mar 2025
Publisher
International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Focus
HCI & Psychology
Category
Academic Scholar

This work investigates SNS users’ ability to recognise and avoid dark patterns by comparing results from participants with and without ADHD, and finds that ADHD individuals were able to avoid specific dark patterns more often.

Dark patterns are deceptive strategies that recent work in human-computer interaction (HCI) has captured throughout digital domains, including social networking sites (SNSs). While research has identified difficulties among people to recognise dark patterns effectively, few studies consider vulnerable populations and their experience in this regard, including people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who may be especially susceptible to attention-grabbing tricks. Based on an interactive web study with 135 participants, we investigate SNS users’ ability to recognise and avoid dark patterns by comparing results from participants with and without ADHD. In line with prior work, we noticed overall low recognition of dark patterns with no significant differences between the two groups.